Then each of the other boys who are playing puts the first finger of his right hand into the cap. When all the fingers are put into the cap, these lines are sung-- The wind blows east, the wind blows west, The wind blows o er the cuckoo s nest. Where is this poor man to go? Over yond cuckoo s hill I O. Then the boy whose back is bent jumps up, and the others run away crying out, Hot cockles. The boy who is caught by the one whose back was first bent has to bend his back next time, and so on.--S. O. Addy. At Cork a handkerchief is tied over the eyes of one of the company, who then lays his head on a chair, and places his hand on his back with the palm uppermost. Any of the party come behind him and give him a slap on his hand, he in the meantime trying to discover whose hand it is that strikes.
| -- | -- |She shall go to Derby.| | 12.|You shall have a duck.|You shall have a duck.|She shall have a duck,| | | |(after No. 19) |my dear. | | 13.| -- |I will give pots and | -- | | | |pans. | | | 14.| -- |.
Hardy. Holmfirth { Settle Rev. W. S. Sykes. Sharleston Miss Fowler, Rev. G. T. Royds. Sheffield Mr.
Broadwood, and others, for kindly obtaining variants and tunes I should not otherwise have received. To the many versions now printed for the first time I have added either a complete transcript of, where necessary, or a reference to, where that was sufficient, printed versions of games to be found in the well-known collections of Halliwell and Chambers, the publications of the Folk-lore and Dialect Societies, Jamieson s, Nares , and Halliwell s Dictionaries, and other printed sources of information. When quoting from a printed authority, I have as far as possible given the exact words, and have always given the reference. I had hoped to have covered in my collection the whole field of games as played by children in the United Kingdom, but it will be seen that many counties in each country are still unrepresented; and I shall be greatly indebted for any games from other places, which would help to make this collection more complete. The tunes of the games have been taken down, as sung by the children, either by myself or correspondents (except where otherwise stated), and are unaltered. The games consist of two main divisions, which may be called descriptive, and singing or choral. The descriptive games are arranged so as to give the most perfect type, and, where they occur, variable types in succession, followed, where possible, by any suggestions I have to make as to the possible origin of the game. The singing games are arranged so as to give, first, the tunes; secondly, the different versions of the game-rhymes; thirdly, the method of playing; fourthly, an analysis of the game-rhymes on a plan arranged by my husband, and which is an entirely novel feature in discussing the history of games; fifthly, a discussion of the results of the analysis of the rhymes so far as the different versions allow; and sixthly, an attempt to deduce from the evidence thus collected suggestions as to the probable origin of the game, together with such references to early authorities and other facts bearing upon the subject as help to elucidate the views expressed. Where the method of playing the game is involved, or where there are several changes in the forms, diagrams or illustrations, which have been drawn by Mr. J.
The following cards are liable to be called: (a) Every card so placed upon the table as to expose any of the printing on its face, except such cards as these laws specifically provide, shall not be so liable. (b) Every card so held by a player as to expose any of the printing on its face to his partner or to both of his adversaries at the same time. (c) Every card, except the trump card, named by the player holding it. SEC. 2. If a player says. “I can win the rest,” “The rest are ours,” “It makes no difference how you play,” or words to that effect, or if he plays or exposes his remaining cards before his partner has played to the current trick, his partner’s cards must be laid face up on the table and are liable to be called. SEC. 3. All cards liable to be called must be placed face up on the table and so left until played.
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G. L. Gomme. Clapham Miss F. D. Richardson. Hersham _Folk-lore Record_, vol. v. Redhill Miss G. Hope.
=_ After a little experience with openings, the player will usually select one or two which he feels that he can handle better than others, and will make a specialty of them. Having mastered a number of variations, and learned the object of them in forming his pieces for attack or defence, he will naturally be led to the study of the middle game. In this there are a few general principles which should be steadily kept in view. For attack, the player should secure command of a wide range of the board; but for defence he should concentrate his forces as much as possible. He should be careful not to get his pieces in one another’s way, and not to leave pieces where they can be attacked and driven back by inferior pieces, because that entails a loss of valuable time. A player should never exchange a man in active service for one that is doing nothing. If several lines of play are open, the one offering the most numerous good continuations should be selected. When a player is not ready for attack, he should develop his pieces, and remember that the more of them he can get to bear on the enemy’s King, the better. Supporting pieces should be placed where they are not easily attacked, because good players attack the supports first, so as to isolate the advance guard. Beginners are usually in too great a hurry to give check; the best players do not check until they are ready to follow it up with a mate, or a winning position, or can gain time in developing their pieces.
I wrote a letter to my love, and on the way I dropped it. And one of you have picked it up and put it in your pocket. It wasn t you, it wasn t you, nor you, nor you, but it was _you_. --London (A. B. Gomme). XIV. I have a little dog and it lives in my pocket. It shan t bite you, &c. Now you re married I hope you ll enjoy First a girl and then a boy; Seven years gone, and two to come, So take her and kiss her and Send her off home.
[21] Such tricks may assist the declarer to make good his declaration, but shall not entitle him to score any bonus in the honour column in case the declaration has been doubled or redoubled, nor to a slam or little slam not otherwise obtained.[22] (_c_) When, during the play of a deal, more than one revoke is made by the same side, the penalty for each revoke after the first is 100 points. The value of their honours is the only score that can be made by a revoking side. 85. A player may ask his partner if he have a card of the suit which he has renounced; should the question be asked before the trick be turned and quitted, subsequent turning and quitting does not establish a revoke, and the error may be corrected unless the question be answered in the negative, or unless the revoking player or his partner have led or played to the following trick. 86. If a player correct his mistake in time to save a revoke, any player or players who have followed him may withdraw his or their cards and substitute others, and the cards so withdrawn are not exposed. If the player in fault be one of the declarer’s adversaries, the card played in error is exposed, and the declarer may call it whenever he pleases, or he may require the offender to play his highest or lowest card of the suit to the trick, but this penalty cannot be exacted from the declarer. 87. At the end of the play the claimants of a revoke may search all the tricks.
” Allgaier Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Boden-Kieseritzky Gambit:-- P-K4 B-B4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP KtxKt Berlin Defence:-- P-K4 B-B4 Q-K2 P-QB3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Blackmar Gambit:-- P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB3 KtxP 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ----- P-Q4 PxP PxP B-B4 Calabrese Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 B-B4 P-Q3 P-B4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ---- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 Centre Gambit:-- P-K4 P-Q4 QxP Q-K3 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 -------- P-K4 PxP Kt-QB3 B-Kt5 ch Centre Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 PxP Kt-QB3 P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ------ P-Q4 QxP Q-Q sq Kt-KB3 Classical Defence, to K. B. opening:-- P-K4 B-B4 P-QB3 P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ------ 4 ---- P-K4 B-B4 Kt-KB3 PxP Cunningham Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ------- P-K4 PxP B-K2 B-R5 ch Cochrane Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ------ 4 ----- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Danish Gambit:-- P-K4 P-Q4 P-QB3 B-QB4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 PxP PxP Kt-KB3 English Opening:-- P-QB4 P-B4 P-Q3 Kt-QB3 1 ----- 2 ---- 3 ------ 4 ------ P-QB4 P-B4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 Evans’ Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-QKt4 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ---- 4 ------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 BxKtP Evans’ Gambit Declined:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-QKt4 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ---- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 B-Kt3 Fianchetto Opening:-- P-K3 P-QB4 Kt-QB3 PxP 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 KtxP Fianchetto Defence:-- P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 Kt-K2 1 ------ 2 ---- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-QKt3 P-K3 B-Kt2 Kt-KB3 Four Knights:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 B-Kt5 French Defence:-- P-K4 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 B-KKt5 1 ---- 2 ---- 3 ------ 4 ------ P-K3 P-Q4 Kt-KB3 B-K2 From Gambit:-- P-KB4 PxP PxP Kt-KB3 1 ----- 2 ----- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 P-Q3 BxP Kt-KB3 Giuoco Piano:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-B3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ---- 4 ----- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Greco-Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ------ P-K4 P-KB4 Q-B3 P-Q3 Hamppe-Allgaier Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP P-KKt4 Hungarian Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-Q4 1 ---- 2 ------ 3 ---- 4 ------ P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-K2 P-Q3 Irregular Openings:-- P-K4 P-QB3 Kt-B3 KtxP 1 ---- 2 ----- 3 ----- 4 ------ P-K4 P-Q4 PxP B-Q3 P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-QB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q3 Kt-KB3 Kt-QB3 P-K4 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP B-Q3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-QB3 P-Q4 PxP Kt-QB3 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP P-KB4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- Kt-QB3 P-K4 KtxP Kt-Kt3 Jerome Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 BxP ch 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 KxB Kieseritzky Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-KR4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 King’s Bishop’s Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 B-B4 K-B sq 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP Q-R5 ch B-B4 King’s Bishop’s Pawn Game:-- P-KB4 Kt-KB3 P-K3 B-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 P-QKt3 King’s Knight Opening. Irregular Defences:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP Kt-KB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-KB3 Q-K2 P-Q4 P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Q-B3 P-B3 PxP P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 B-Q3 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 B-B4 Q-K2 B-Kt3 King’s Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 P-Q4 K-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP Q-R5 ch P-Q4 P-K4 P-KB4 P-KR4 PxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-Q4 QxP P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 B-Kt2 P-K4 P-KB4 P-KR4 Kt-KB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP B-K2 Kt-KB3 King’s Gambit Declined:-- P-K4 P-KB4 PxQP Kt-QB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-Q4 QxP Q-K3 Max Lange’s Attack:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 Castles 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 B-B4 Kt-B3 Muzio Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Petroff’s Counter Attack:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 KtxP K-KB3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 KtxP Philidor’s Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 KtxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-Q3 PxP P-Q4 Pierce Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP P-KKt4 Queen’s Pawn Counter Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 PxP P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-K5 Queen’s Gambit:-- P-Q4 P-QB4 P-K3 BxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 PxP P-K4 PxP P-Q4 P-QB4 P-K4 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 PxP P-K4 P-KB4 P-Q4 P-QB4 Kt-KB3 P-K3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 PxP P-K3 Kt-KB3 Queen’s Pawn Game:-- P-Q4 P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-Q4 P-K3 Kt-KB3 B-K2 Ruy Lopez:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-Kt5 B-R4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-QR3 Kt-B3 Salvio Gambit:-- P-K4 P-KB4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 PxP P-KKt4 P-Kt5 Scotch Game:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q4 KtxP 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP B-B4 Sicilian Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-QB4 Kt-QB3 P-K3 PxP Staunton’s Opening:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 P-Q3 Steinitz Gambit:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-KB4 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 PxP Q-R5 ch Three Knights’ Game:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-KB3 P-Q3 PxP Two Knights’ Defence:-- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 Kt-Kt5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 Kt-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 Vienna Opening:-- P-K4 Kt-QB3 P-B4 Kt-B3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K4 B-B4 P-Q3 Kt-KB3 Zukertort’s Opening:-- Kt-KB3 P-Q4 P-K3 B-K2 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 -------- P-K3 Kt-KB3 P-QKt3 B-Kt2 _=GAMES AT ODDS.=_ Between unequal players it is a common practice for the stronger to give the weaker some advantage. Very few are able to give a Queen, or even a Rook, but a _=Knight=_ is quite common, and one who can concede a Knight to the weakest players in a club is usually spoken of as, “a Knight player.” The most common odds between nearly equal players is _=Pawn and Move=_; and with a player not strong enough to give a Knight, _=Pawn and Two Moves=_. The Pawn removed in each instance is Black’s K B P, and the Knight is usually the Q Kt. Here are a few examples of the openings in games at odds:-- Pawn and Move:-- P-K4 P-Q4 Q-R5 ch Q-K5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K3 P-Q4 P-KKt3 Kt-KB3 P-K4 P-Q4 Kt-QB3 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-Q3 Kt-KB3 Kt-B3 Kt-K4 P-K4 P-Q4 P-K5 B-QKt5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- Kt-QB3 P-Q4 B-B4 Q-Q2 P-K4 P-Q4 PxP P-KB4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- Kt-QB3 P-Q4 KtxP Kt-B2 Pawn and Two Moves:-- P-K4 P-Q4 B-Q3 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K3 P-B4 P-Q3 P-K4 P-Q4 P-QB4 P-Q5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K3 P-B4 P-Q3 P-K4 P-Q4 P-KB4 B-Q3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-Q3 P-K3 Kt-K2 P-K4 P-Q4 P-Q5 P-KB4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- Kt-QB3 Kt-K4 Kt-B2 Odds of Queen’s Knight:-- P-K4 Kt-B3 PxP Kt-K5 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 P-Q4 P-K5 QxP P-K4 P-KB4 PxQP Kt-B3 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 P-Q4 QxP P-K5 Odds of King’s Knight:-- P-K4 B-B4 Kt-B3 P-Q4 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 P-QB3 Kt-B3 P-Q4 P-K4 B-B2 P-Q2 0-0 1 ------ 2 ------ 3 ------- 4 ------- P-K4 Kt-KB3 B-B4 0-0 In order to give the student an idea of the value and popularity of the various openings, the following table of the results of 1500 games may be useful. It is from the chess columns of the New York _Sun_:-- ---------------------+----------------+--------+---------+--------- | FIRST | TOTAL |PER CENT.
Letting the Buck out This game was played seventy years ago. A ring being formed, the Buck inside has to break out, and reach his home, crying Home! before he can be caught and surrounded. Afterwards these words were sung-- Circle: Who comes here? Buck: Poor Johnny Lingo. Circle: Don t steal none of my black sheep, Johnny Lingo, For if you do I shall put you in the pinder pin-fold. --Stixwold, Lines. (Miss M. Peacock). See Who goes round my Stone Wall? Level-coil Nares, in his _Glossary_, says this is a game of which we seem to know no more than that the loser in it was to give up his place to be occupied by another. Minshew gives it thus: To play at _levell coil_, G. jouer à cul levé: _i.
_=NUMBERING HANDS.=_ The hands simultaneously played are scored under the same number, but distinguished by the number of the table at which they are first dealt. Each pair of partners in a team play two No. 1 hands, in one of which they are N & S; in the other E & W. _=SCORING.=_ The result of the hand is entered upon the score sheets, which the opposing players at each table should then compare, and turn them face down, leaving them on the table when they change places. Let us suppose the N & S partners of the O team to make 7 tricks at table No. 1; the E & W partners of the X team making 6. Each pair enters on its own score-card the number it makes. The E & W partners of the O team now come to table No.
Raising the Bets.=_ Should any player make a bet, each player in turn on his left must either bet an equal amount or abandon his hand. Should any player bet an equal amount, he has the privilege of increasing the bet to any further sum within the betting limit. The players on his left must then either meet the total amount of the original bet and the raise, or abandon their hands. Any player meeting the amount already bet has the privilege of increasing it to any further amount within the limit, and so on, until no further raises take place. Any player whose bet has been raised must abandon his hand or meet the raise, with the privilege of raising again in return. Should one player make a bet or raise which no other player will see, he takes the pool without showing his hand, and the cards are shuffled and cut for the next deal. _=30. Calling the Bets.=_ As long as one player raises another’s bets, he gives that player the privilege of raising him again; but if a player who has made a bet is not raised, the others simply betting an equal amount, the first bettor is called, and all betting must cease.